Policy and the Making of Landlords and Tenants: Allotment, Landlessness, and Creek Politics, 1906–1920s
Policy and the Making of Landlords and Tenants: Allotment, Landlessness, and Creek Politics, 1906–1920s
This chapter traces how public policy was crucial to the making of a capitalist order in Oklahoma after statehood in 1907. It notes that along with taxation and credit, a critical policy in the making of a landlord elite and landless tenantry was the principle that race was fixed and unchanging. The chapter observes that in a context of rapid land loss, Creeks engaged in a combination of explicitly political action, politically charged cultural and spiritual practices, and day-to-day resistance to challenge the denial of their national autonomy, the loss of their lands, and the cultural transformation that allotment was intended to bring about. It observes that the power of federal, state, and even county land policy and lack of authority over it encapsulated the political challenges of the statehood era for Creek people.
Keywords: public policy, Oklahoma, statehood, elite, tenantry, Creeks, national autonomy, allotment
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