Contents
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The Campaign for a Consular Appointment The Campaign for a Consular Appointment
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From Outsider to Insider From Outsider to Insider
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The “Bystander”’s Endorsement of Imperialism The “Bystander”’s Endorsement of Imperialism
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The “Bystander” on French Anti-Semitism and U.S. Racism The “Bystander” on French Anti-Semitism and U.S. Racism
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The “Bystander” on the Spanish-American War The “Bystander” on the Spanish-American War
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The Logic of Racial Egalitarianism versus the Logic of Imperialism The Logic of Racial Egalitarianism versus the Logic of Imperialism
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Tourgée’s Final Thoughts on the Race Question Tourgée’s Final Thoughts on the Race Question
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White Southern, White Northern, and African American Obituaries White Southern, White Northern, and African American Obituaries
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A Host of Memorial Services A Host of Memorial Services
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Tourgée’s Continuing Relevance Tourgée’s Continuing Relevance
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Cite
Abstract
The defeat in the Plessy case left Tourgée unable either to discern a feasible method of combatting white supremacy or to earn his living. He thus sought a consular appointment from President William McKinley, for which he received a flood of recommendation letters from African American and white supporters all over the country. As U.S. Consul to Bordeaux, Tourgée celebrated his country’s emergence as an imperial power, applauded its military victories and territorial conquests in the Spanish American War, and hailed the annexation of Hawaii. Lacking the close contacts with other races that he had cultivated with African Americans, he succumbed to racism toward the victims of U.S. imperialism. Simultaneously, Tourgée’s first-hand view of French anti-Semitism during the Dreyfus case undermined his belief that the solution to the U.S. race problem lay in education. African Americans nevertheless mourned Tourgée’s death and eulogized him in countless obituaries and memorial services.
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