Contents
-
-
-
-
-
Exemplary Recording—Bilie Holiday, “Strange Fruit” Exemplary Recording—Bilie Holiday, “Strange Fruit”
-
Orrin Keepnews (Riverside) Orrin Keepnews (Riverside)
-
-
Billy Banks’ Rhythmakers, “Margie” (1936, United Hot Clubs of America; Originaly Issued, 1932, ARC) Billy Banks’ Rhythmakers, “Margie” (1936, United Hot Clubs of America; Originaly Issued, 1932, ARC)
-
Milt Gabler (UHCA Reissues) Milt Gabler (UHCA Reissues)
-
George Avakian (Columbia) George Avakian (Columbia)
-
Milt Gabler (Decca/Commodore) Milt Gabler (Decca/Commodore)
-
-
Billie Holiday, Billie’s Blues (1936, Vocalion) Billie Holiday, Billie’s Blues (1936, Vocalion)
-
George Avakian (Columbia) George Avakian (Columbia)
-
-
Various, The Commodore Story (Original Recordings, 1938–1943; Compilation, 1997, GRP/Commodore) Various, The Commodore Story (Original Recordings, 1938–1943; Compilation, 1997, GRP/Commodore)
-
Milt Gabler Milt Gabler
-
-
Lester Young, The “Kansas City” Sessions (Original Recording, 1938; Reissue, 1997, Commodore) Lester Young, The “Kansas City” Sessions (Original Recording, 1938; Reissue, 1997, Commodore)
-
Milt Gabler Milt Gabler
-
-
Eddie Condon and his Band, “Ballin’ the Jack” (1938), Ballin’ the Jack (Reissue, 1989, Commodore) Eddie Condon and his Band, “Ballin’ the Jack” (1938), Ballin’ the Jack (Reissue, 1989, Commodore)
-
Milt Gabler Milt Gabler
-
-
Billie Holiday, “Strange Fruit” (1939), Strange Fruit (Commodore) Billie Holiday, “Strange Fruit” (1939), Strange Fruit (Commodore)
-
Milt Gabler Milt Gabler
-
-
Various, Chicago Jazz Album (1940, Decca) Various, Chicago Jazz Album (1940, Decca)
-
George Avakian George Avakian
-
Joel Dorn (Atlantic) Joel Dorn (Atlantic)
-
-
Lou Watters’ Yerba Buena Jazz Band, Lou Watters’ Yerba Buena Jazz Band (1942, God Time Jazz) Lou Watters’ Yerba Buena Jazz Band, Lou Watters’ Yerba Buena Jazz Band (1942, God Time Jazz)
-
John Koenig (Contemporary/Good Time Jazz) John Koenig (Contemporary/Good Time Jazz)
-
George Avakian (Columbia) George Avakian (Columbia)
-
John Koenig (Contemporary/Good Time Jazz) John Koenig (Contemporary/Good Time Jazz)
-
-
Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young, Don Byas, and Ben Webster, Tenor Sax (1942, Savoy) Coleman Hawkins, Lester Young, Don Byas, and Ben Webster, Tenor Sax (1942, Savoy)
-
Bob Porter (Savoy Reissues) Bob Porter (Savoy Reissues)
-
-
Charlie Parker, “Ko Ko” (1945, Savoy) Charlie Parker, “Ko Ko” (1945, Savoy)
-
Bob Porter (Savoy Reissues) Bob Porter (Savoy Reissues)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1 Cutting Sides: Producing 78-RPM Discs, 1936–1949
Get access-
Published:October 2016
Cite
Abstract
Production before the advent of magnetic tape—in the era of 78-RPM records—emphasized "pre-production." A&R men (short for "artists and repertoire") chose artists to record, and they paired songs from the publishing firms of Tin Pan Alley with artists. The A&R work of Milt Gabler (at Commodore and Decca Records) and John Hammond and George Avakian (at Columbia) is exemplary. Gabler organized a series of jam sessions, which he recorded. Avakian produced Chicago Jazz (1940), the first jazz "album" of original material. As part of their popular music divisions the major labels—Columbia, Decca, and RCA Victor—record and market jazz. A number of specialty labels emerge: Commodore, Prestige, Contemporary, Verve, Blue Note, Atlantic, Riverside, and Savoy. Though dependent on pressing plants owned by the majors, they reflect the production philosophies of the connoisseurs who founded and owned them.
Sign in
Get help with accessPersonal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
Institutional access
- Sign in through your institution
- Sign in with a library card Sign in with username/password Recommend to your librarian
Institutional account management
Sign in as administratorPurchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing information
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.